Otolaryngologists, also known as ENT doctors (Ear, Nose, and Throat), treat diseases and disorders that affect the ears, nose, throat, respiratory and upper alimentary systems, and related structures of the head and neck. An ENT is a surgeon who provides comprehensive medical and surgical care for patients of all ages who are affected by diseases and lesions “above the shoulders,” except for visual and eye-related disorders (ophthalmology) and lesions of the brain (neurology). ENTs also perform functional cosmetic facial reconstruction, surgery of head and neck tumors, and the diagnosis and management of allergic, sinus, laryngeal, thyroid, and esophageal disorders. They also have a strong knowledge of audiology, speech/language pathology, endocrinology, and neurology.